Nathan M. Greenstein, MD                                (continued from page 1)

 

August 15—17
The morning of D-Day, August 15, we were all up early, not so much from nervousness as the small boy attitude of not wanting to miss anything.  It was a cloudy overcast morning, ideal for screening movements of ships at sea.  We could hear planes going over about 4:30 am, but nothing much was expected until 7 am when Navy bombardment began.  From where we were, out about 10 miles, it didn’t seem like much, but, talking with a paratrooper today who was dropped at 4:30 am, it was a wicked bunch of fire.  Then followed the rocket boats relieving the shore line.

 

We went on our VPs about 7:30 and after circling for an hour, started for the beach.   Frankly, there was but one thing I was afraid of —- never having been under fire, I would be careless and expose myself unnecessarily.  Consequently, as we approached the beach, I squatted low down and my first sight of the beach was a railroad bridge under which were huddled a group of German prisoners and a group of French civilians who had been rounded up and kept for surveillance.

 

After crossing the road, we went into a pine grove for the assembly area.  This place seemed pretty much knocked about but the road was intact.  We joined Harwin’s group.  He had one old woman whose leg had been blown off, and one Navy man with concussion when a tank hit a mine.  Shortly thereafter word came through Ray that the coast road was open.  We piled into Ducks and started off, passing some partially and some completely destroyed villas, and a few dead Germans lying near pillboxes.  Suddenly, the cavalcade halted—a bridge gave way under a Duck.  We had to retrace our passage.

Meanwhile, Red and Green Beaches were unloading LCIs, disgorging tanks, jeeps, trucks and soldiers.  Some LCIs made a dry landing, others not ten feet away were stuck way out, necessitating the men to wade through five feet of water.  We went back and forth a few times to duck the overland road, passing and overtaking lead infantry divisions.

 

As we entered the town of Ste. Maxime, northeast of St. Tropez, everyone pulled in close for fear of snipers.  They unloaded us on the road near a smashed garage, opposite a jetty which contained several pillboxes that had been troublesome for a while.  Finally, a shell struck it, setting off munitions that lasted about two hours.  At the road junction was a restaurant converted into a church, since the Germans had converted the church into a munitions dump.  In the lobby we set up our aid station, and were fortunate in getting all our equipment in on the proper truck.

 

Shortly thereafter an army man came over to tell us there were two wounded Germans in the pillbox in the jetty.  We grabbed a Duck and drove over.  As we were loading them aboard, a number of shots were fired at the Duck ten yards behind ours.  A few of the men tumbled off, but no one was hit—one got a fractured rib.  Two officers were hauled out of a pillbox and for some ungodly reason were not shot dead on the spot.

 

We returned to the aid station.  The town was empty except for a few partisans and infantry hunting snipers.  Ste. Maxime is a pretty resort town with many smart hotels and villas.  Our casino was built over the beach, and must have been a pretty nice place, as the postcards show.  I’m now sitting in the manager’s office which I’ve taken over for myself, although I spent the first night on the porch, and was pretty cold.  Shortly after the two prisoners, a third was brought in shot through the lung and in pretty bad shape.  Plasma brought them around.

 

Meanwhile, our beach began to open up, too late to evacuate to AP troop ships but too early for hospital ships.  The night of D-Day was quiet.  A few batches of prisoners drifted in, but nothing much.  Several partisans got some rifles and carbines from the army and went ahead to clean out a German anti-tank trap that was blocking traffic.  That night, thanks to the expeditiousness of the engineers, we had a meal in the bivouac area.  Studded all through the countryside were posts at regular intervals which the Germans had forced the French and their prisoners to set up as anti-glider barriers.  Apparently they were quite effective, as we learned later.

 

The morning of the 16th I spent perched up on the balcony of the hotel opposite our setup, with nothing to do but watch the passing parade of vehicles.  With the exception of sporadic first aid, we had little to do.  I learned that the thick concrete wall along the beach was built by Russian prisoners.

 

As the day wore on, the townspeople began to return.  The women were neat, pretty and chic, but our wolves found themselves sorely disappointed.  Apparently the women had learned caution, and for good reason.  About 2 pm, the men in town began to round up all the gals who had consorted with Germans, and in a wine shop gave them a thorough clipping while crowds milled inside and out and photographers took pictures.  I was surprised at the imperturbable attitude of the girls.  They could not be described as brazen, and certainly not fearful.  The only effect was when one looked into a mirror and burst into tears.  It reminded me of the French Revolution, where the cutting was done a little lower and deeper, with the crowds milling around the same way.  They must have worked over about two dozen women, and thus far the following day have not appeared on the streets.

 

This morning, a large French armored force drove through and parked along the wall.  They started heaving over cans of food, vegetables, jam, etc, and from nowhere hundreds of shrieking French came to taste meat for the first time in years.  What they really went to town for was bread more than anything else.

 

Last night we drove down to Riley’s villa for a shower.  This had been occupied by German officers, and the place was strewn with boxes, bags and junk.  There were a few uniforms, and nothing much else to find, no guns or anything.  As we were ready to leave, an air raid began.  Several JO88s came over, but before they had a chance to unload, Spitfires were after them and chased them off.  Gradually paratroopers and glider pilots began to drift into town.  They had been dropped off in the hills and encountered little opposition, but they were off course.  They were under the Navy and Air Force bombardments which they say were terrific.  They saw a few Germans, and a few Turks (possibly Turkman-Russian impressed troops) who were only too glad of the chance to bump off the officers.  They are sure a tough looking outfit, these paratroopers.

 

This morning there was a funeral in the church where we are located.  A partisan in the hills, mistaking Americans advancing for Germans fleeing, shot one and was killed in return.  The whole town turned out, and the attitude is rather a frosty one.

 

August 18
Things have quieted down considerably.  No raids because of the rain, although lightening destroyed about 15 barrage balloons.  Heard that the other night’s raid resulted in several casualties in St. Tropez across the bay.  Many civilians hurt also.  The front has moved up considerably, probably toward Toulon to the west, and to the northwest.

 

August 20
Today the church bells are ringing and it represents a double celebration = the liberation and also the fact that the church is now being used again, after the Germans made it a munitions dump.  And I’m rather happy to have moved out.  It was rather an embarrassing situation to walk in and out, hat on or off, and the funerals kind of broke our organization.

 

We have settled down to an existence of waiting for time to pass.  We have not made any seaward evacuations at all, due to the shortage of hospital ships.  Only Red Beach was doing any evacuating, and what few wounded we had were sent there.  The situation has caused a serious jam up at the 58th.  I’m glad to see that there are plenty of French troops being landed.  They have plenty of our equipment, and now that they are on their own territory, maybe they’ll fight just a little bit harder.

 

August 21
Well, I really got to work today.  They began to evacuate wounded off our beach and there was a great dither of activity.  The engineers sent some prisoners down to help lay the matting and scrawny crew they were.  We evacuated many German wounded.  We were pretty rushed for a while and I went out to the hospital ship to help.

By the afternoon, the tide ran out and we hung up on a sandbar and just couldn’t get in.  Meanwhile, we had a bad head case brought down so I dashed over and picked him up in an LCM and rushed out again to the hospital ship.  We had quite a time using the sling but to no avail-the head case expired.  My boys are good workers and sure put in a day.

 

August 22-30
Well, we really put in a big day today and were able to get a total of 525 casualties, mostly French, to the Chateau Thierry, an Army transport ship run by the Merchant Marines.  That evening we drove down to I Company and had the first hot shower in over a month.  Got some pictures of ambulances evacuating on the beach.  Most everyone seems to feel that they will be going home after this particular expedition, and I only hope I have the opportunity to do so.

Saw a lot of Maquis, French Resistance fighters, around on the streets and in the FFI headquarters.  They fired a number of shots in town.  An old Frenchman nearby with a word or two of English told me that the boys were only trying out their guns.  There is no doubt that these lads are trigger happy.

I also may not have mentioned the number of French who have fought like tigers not to be evacuated.  Their attitude is that they’ve been waiting five years to get back to France to fight, and now that they are in a position to do so, they don’t want to miss out.  We have had to return a number of them for this reason.  Marie Catroux, wife of a French general, is in charge of all evacuations and return of French to their homes.  She’s been raising hell to get more facilities for French wounded on the mainland.

 

September 10
Yesterday, while I was on duty, a tremendous convoy came in with all sorts of LSTs, Pas, KAs, and LCIs.  Much activity of unloading on the beach.  On the way down I photographed some prisoners ready to be evacuated.  All sorts of Russians, Poles, Italians, Czechs, etc., and even some Siberian Mongols who had been fighting with the Germans as mercenaries after being captured.

 

As I went to bed, I heard the weird chant of the Zouves, the Algerian French infantrymen, marching, with their off key Arabian chants, broken every now and then by wailing; then the guttural marching song of the white French troops.  A thing worth remembering.  I have never seen such a traffic congestion as they had on the roads yesterday.

 

September 11
The war is going well.  Secret dope is that all US Navy is going back via the US.  What goes on after that is a question.  The view of the harbor from my casino window has been delightful and impressive.  PTs in the foreground, a background constantly changing, although the basis is big warships and destroyers, pure white of hospital ships, LSTs and Liberty's coming and going, LCTs and LCIs like toys and ferry boats in a busy harbor and VPs dashing about in the usual fashion.

September 16-18
Learned our orders.  Leave on the 20th on a PA.  Pick up our gear at Salerno for a moment, and then back to the US.  Part of the 58th is leaving to go way p to the front at Grenoble and Belfont, and frankly I wouldn’t mind going along to see Germany.

September 24
We are, as is only too obvious, still here, and the latest word is that LSTs will take us to Naples in a short time.  We will not stop at Salerno at all.  Seemed to have overlooked mentioning the satisfactory job we did in evacuating a group of casualties the other day — no fuss, no arguments and got them all off.  Nurses and French ambulance drivers came in, and the latter, a lively vivacious group, really enjoyed their rather tedious job.  Have to look up their picture in Life Mag of August 14.

September 27
Our long awaited transportation arrived and was greeted with cries of pleasure, although many of us have become quite comfortable, especially those who had become acquainted with French people and families.  We all got down to Red II Beach and got aboard quickly.  Later we found out that several men from B5 had been left behind, and three just made it means of an ARB boat at the dock.  We made excellent time with a prevailing wind and sea to Naples, passing, on our second day, the AP convoy that we hope will bring us back to the US.

Webmasters note:  Lt. Commander Greenstein went on to serve as medical officer aboard the USS Ariel and after completing his service to the United States of America, returned to pediatric practice in New York City.  Dr. Greenstein served in several hospitals in New York, particularly in the Bronx borough.  He was an Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.  Dr. Greenstein died on August 19, 2002 at the age of 95.  He was proud of his service in the United States Navy.  Rest well sir, your job is done. 
Thank you to the family for sharing his personal journal.

See also: Veterans History Project - The Library of Congress

 

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